MODIBO
Homme
93 ans
Mali
Général :
Modibo Keita organized the Union Soudanaise to develop projects that benefited the population at large. He sought to introduce a currency not based on the French franc. The French government was not happy with this movement away from French influence, and used debt repayment to empty the treasury of Mali and undermine Modibo. Modibo looked to those countries who were willing to help, including Russia, China, Cuba, and North Korea. That is the reason he socialized the economy in Mali. You have to play the game of whoever is feeding you if you don't want to starve to death. France did help those countries that took only their economic independence. Those countries are where you will still find the French army---Ivory Coast and Senegal. That is also the reason why those countries are more developed than Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Ghana.
< Nelson Mandela's Inaugural Speech
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5LcxkNpkns
Patrice Lumumba
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrcX3XUm7eA
Sekou Toure NKrumah Patrice Lumumba
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmYQbV08oXg
TV :
Although Keita was initially viewed by the United States as a socialist, he made it clear that he sought good relations with Washington. In September 1961, he travelled to America in the company of Sukarno and met with President John F. Kennedy. Keita, afterward, felt that he had a friend in Kennedy.
THE UNITED STATES OF AFRICA, Kwame Nkrumah Speaks!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foDlCCudcsE
Livres :
Mali's early history is dominated by three famed West African empires-- Ghana, Mali or Manding (wagadu,djulof,sousou etc) and Songhai. These empires controlled trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt, and other precious commodities and were in touch with Mediterranean and Middle Eastern centers of civilization.. All of the empires arose in the area then known as the western Sudan, a vast region of savanna between the Sahara Desert to the north and the tropical rain forests along the Guinean coast to the south. All were characterized by strong leadership (matrilineal) and kin-based societies. None had rigid geopolitical boundaries or ethnic identities. On April 4, 1959, French Sudan was joined with Senegal to form the Mali Federation, which became fully independent within the French Community on June 20, 1960. The federation collapsed on August 20, 1960, when Senegal seceded. On September 22, Sudan proclaimed itself the Republic of Mali and withdrew from the French Community. President Modibo Keita, whose Union Soudanaise du Rassemblement Democratique Africain (US/RDA) party had dominated preindependence politics (as a member of the African Democratic Rally), moved quickly to declare a single-party state and to pursue a socialist policy based on extensive nationalization. Keita also had close ties to the Eastern bloc. A continuously deteriorating economy led to a decision to rejoin the Franc Zone in 1967 and modify some of the economic excesses.
La colonisation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7boy5gCPJoE
Héros :
The North African scholar, al-Omari, who lived in Cairo a few years after Mansa Musa's visit and wrote about it, declared that of all the Muslim rulers of West Africa Musa was 'the most powerful, the richest, the most fortunate, the most feared by his enemies and the most able to do good to those around him'. Behind these words of praise we can glimpse the power and reputation that Mali drew from its control of a very wide region of trade in precious goods such as gold, salt, ivory and kola nuts. Mali was now a power of more than local or even regional significance. Under Mansa Musa, Mali ambassadors were established in Morocco, Egypt, and elsewhere. Mali's capital was visited by North African and Egyptian scholars. On returning from pilgrimage, Musa brought back with him a number of learned men from Egypt. These settled in Mali and Timbuktu. One of them, called as-Saheli, designed new mosques at Gao and Timbuktu, and built a palace for the emperor. The fashion of building houses in brick now began to be popular among wealthy people in the cities of the Western Sudan. Niani, the capital of all this empire, has long since disappeared. Yet as late as the sixteenth century, the Moroccan traveller Leo Africanus (Hassan ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan az-Zayyati) could still describe it as a place of 'six thousand hearths', and its inhabitants as 'the most civilized, intelligent and respected' of all the peoples of the Western Sudan. The spread of Islam also called for new methods of rule. Mansa Musa opened courts of law for Muslims, alongside the old courts of law for those who were not Muslims. Reference: Western Africa Before the Colonial Era, A History to 1850, by Basil Davidson, 1998, pp. 42-43
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MODIBO wants you to check out a photo on MySpace
http://viewmorepics.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseacti...
Patrice Émery Lumumba (2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961) was an African anti-colonial leader and the first legally elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo after he helped to win its independence from Belgium in June 1960. Only ten weeks later, Lumumba's government was deposed in coup during the Congo Crisis. He was subsequently imprisoned and assassinated under controversial circumstances.
MIRIAM MAKEBA - MAMMA AFRICA. REST IN PEACE...
MODIBO : Présentation
Qui je suis :
The World will need only One President. So Peace can be. The Time will come... (born June 4, 1915, Bamako, French Sudan—died May 16, 1977, Bamako, Mali) First president of Mali (1960–68). Keita was instrumental in obtaining independence for Mali (then called French Sudan) from France (1960). As president, he nationalized key sectors of the economy and established close ties with communist countries. During an economic crisis in 1967 he launched an unpopular Maoist-inspired cultural revolution, and in 1968 he was overthrown and imprisoned for life. Political life In October 1946, the African Democratic Rally (RDA) was created in Bamako, which was led by Felix Houphouet-Boigny. Keita assumed the post of RDA Secretary-General in French Sudan. In 1948, he was elected general councilor of French Sudan. In 1956, he was elected mayor of Bamako and became a member of the National Assembly of France. He twice served as secretary of state in the governments of Maurice Bourges-Maunoury and Felix Gaillard. Modibo Keita was elected constituent assembly president of the Mali Federation on July 20, 1960, which consisted of French Sudan, and Senegal. Senegal would later leave the federation. President of Mali After the collapse of the federation, the US-RDA proclaimed the Soudanese Republic's complete independence as the Republic of Mali. Keita became its first president. As a socialist, he led his country towards the progressive socialization of the economy; at first starting with agriculture and trade, then on October 1960 creating the SOMIEX (Malian Import and Export Company), which had a monopoly over the exports of the products of Mali, as well as manufactured and food imports (e.g. sugar, tea, powdered milk) and their distribution inside the country. The establishment of the Malian franc in 1962, and the difficulties of provisioning, resulted in a severe inflation and dissatisfaction of the population, particularly the peasants and the businessmen. Although Keita was initially viewed by the United States as a socialist, he made it clear that he sought good relations with Washington. In September 1961, he travelled to America in the company of Sukarno and met with President John F. Kennedy. Keita, afterward, felt that he had a friend in Kennedy. On the political level, Modibo Keita quickly imprisoned opponents like Fily Dabo Sissoko. From 1967, he started the "revolution active" and suspended the constitution by creating the National Committee for the Defense of the Revolution (CNDR). The exactions of the "milice populaire" (the US-RDA militia) and the devaluation of the Malian franc in 1967 brought a general unrest. On November 19, 1968, the General Moussa Traore organized a coup d'etat against Modibo Keita, and sent him to prison in the northern Malian town of Kidal. Modibo Keita died in prison on May 16, 1977. His reputation was rehabilitated in 1992 following the overthrow of Moussa Traore and subsequent elections of president Alpha Oumar Konare.A monument for Modibo Keita, was dedicated in Bamako on June 6, 1999. As a Panafricanist Modibo Keita devoted his entire life to African unity. He first played a part in the creation of the Federation of Mali with Leopol Cedar Senghor. After its collapse, he moved away from Leopold Sedar Senghor, but with Sekou Toure the president of Guinea, and Kwame Nkrumah, the President of Ghana, he formed the Union of the States of Western Africa. In 1963, he played an important role in drafting the charter of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). In 1963, he invited the king of Morocco and the president of Algeria to Bamako, in the hope of ending the "war sands", a frontier conflict between the two nations. Along with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, Keita was successful in negotiating the Bamako Accords, which brought an end to the conflict. From 1963 to 1966, he normalized relations with the countries of Senegal, Upper Volta and Côte d'Ivoire. An advocate of the Non-Aligned Movement, Modibo defended the nationalist movements like the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN).
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Senegalese poet and statesman, founder of the Senegalese Democratic Bloc. Senghor was elected president of Senegal in the 1960s. He retired from office in 1980. Senghor was one of the originators of the concept of Négritude, defined as the literary and artistic expression of the black African experience. In historical context the term has been seen as an ideological reaction against French colonialism and a defense of African culture. It has deeply influenced the strengthening of African identity in the French-speaking black world. !
FREDERICK DOUGLASS FAMILY FOUNDATION
EL-Hajj Malik El Shabazz (Malcolm X)
UGANDA (The official ugandan myspace page)
Caribbean African Network Intl.
& KISSES.
Thanksgiving Comments
Christian Glitter by www. christianglitter. com
KINGS AND QUEENS
.........
Sexy Comments & Profile Graphics
BLESSING ALWAYS.
AGAIN........
ELON MAHALA
24 nov. 2008 23:59
Bless...
24 nov. 2008 01:28
BLESSED LOVE, WHAT A HONOR. THAN YOU FOR THE WARM WELCOME, AND THE PHOTO WAS BEAUTIFUL. VERY CREATIVE. SO GRATEFUL TO LINK UP WITH YOU. I HAVE STAYED ON YOUR PAGE FOR A WHILE READING AND LEARNING SO MUCH, SO MUCH HISTORY, SO INFORMATIVE. I COULD STAY FOR HOURS, AND I WILL NO DOUBT RETURN, FOR IT'S HISTORY AND KNOWLEDGE I SEEK. PLEASE STAY CLOSE, AND REMAIN BLESSED. THE PASS IS THE KEY THAT UNLOCKS A BETTER FUTURE. GOD BLESSINGS BE WITH YOU, AND PEACE BE UNTO YOU ALSO, ALWAYS ME BROTHER...................
KINGS AND QUEENS
24 nov. 2008 04:27
GREETINGS, AGAIN........
Tanya
24 nov. 2008 10:06
GET COMMENTS AT A U G U S T C A N D I
SpiritualGraphics. com
SpiritualGraphics. com
19 nov. 2008 18:10
Encore merci à vous pour ce grand travail de mémoire.
Avec tout notre amour.
King Auguste
18 nov. 2008 04:53
NubianGraphics. com
Zeus
16 nov. 2008 22:36
thank you as well.
Kingdom of KONGO - KING Makoko Auguste Nguempio
15 nov. 2008 00:21
Modibo Keita a été une bénédiction
pour notre continent bien aimé!
C'est un honneur pour nous de nous joindre à sa page.
Avec notre amour
ROI MAKOKO Auguste Nguempio
CONGO
15 nov. 2008 05:06
You are very welcome... Peace
Solar Roadways
12 nov. 2008 09:03
MyNiceSpace. com
Dr. Sallad P. Whittingham
11 nov. 2008 23:27
David Harrison Levi STARMAKER®™
11 nov. 2008 14:51
So? You Want To Be a Rock Star?
<
>
David Harrison Levi - STARMAKER®™
♪♫
11 nov. 2008 06:19
imikimi - Customize Your World
.
Your page is a history book for me, will be visiting often~~~
We have a long road to walk here, but we being African-Americans always survive~~~
Respect~~~
eLoN~~~
sista x
2 nov. 2008 14:16
H.I.M. Coronation
I anI Liberation
GIVE JAH THE GLORY
"Gloriful it was when the most high made the union between man and woman.
Each son and daugther of HAILE SELLASSIE I
has a special task in equal rights to nuture righteousness
within the family structure and also without.
The inity and power achieved when man and woman overstand
each others differences
and trod on to do the work of the MOST HIGH is truely a distruction to babylon.
Each has a role to play for the betterment of today and tomorrow. None having more power over the other knowing that the only power that rules is the law and love of THE MOST HIGH."
Selah
HAVE A BLESSED CORONATION DAY MI LUV !!!!!!!
A&O
kashito kasai
30 oct. 2008 01:41
modibo je pense toujour de jour à jour pour l"avernir de nos enfants
batoto yango
Matunde Sakili ADAE
12 oct. 2008 20:04
THANK YOU FOR SHOWING SUPPORT TO OUR GROUP..PEACE AND BLESSINGS..MAMA MAKEDA
sista x
6 oct. 2008 18:05
Blessed Love BeLoved!
WITH BLESSED INITY AND ONENESS INTO THE PROMISE OF THE FUTURE
"The temple of the Most High begins with the human body,
Erwin
7 sept. 2008 15:56
Ultimate Blessings To You My King
WWW.FREEHAITINOW.COM
21 août 2008 19:35
Peace King..wishing you a wonder- FULL week-end!
Clarity, love life, light,UNITY and Grasp the Opportunities!!
“There are no extra pieces in the universe. Everyone is here because he or she has a place to fill, and every piece must fit itself into the big jigsaw puzzle.”
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